Grandmother
In
the poem "Grandmother" Ray Young Bear draws a picture of his
grandmother- all loving and inspiring. This poem presents the poets deep
sense of intimacy and closeness to his grandmother even after her
death. He can not forget her. He could recognize her by all senses
except taste. The poet uses different images to draw the picture of his
grandmother. 'Purple scarf ' and 'plastic shopping bag' is related to
eyes, while the touch of 'warm and damp' hands appeal to skin or touch. A
'voice coming from a rock' is related to the sense of hearing; and her
hands like that of 'roots' appeal to the sense of smell.
The Lamentation of the Old Pensioner
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In
the poem "The Lamentation of the Old Pensioner" written by W.B Yeats,
the speaker laments on the passing of his joyful youth. In the past, the
speaker was young and he had a good job. So his friends and lovers
followed him. He was happy to talk about love and politics. His past
life only gives him agony because Time has turned him into ugly, weak
and useless old man. Neither his friends nor any beauties follow him. He
is jealous to see other young people who challenge any conspiracy and
evils. So he is angry with Time and wants to spit in its face.
In
his sonnet "God's Grandeur" the poet G.M Hopkins praises the
magnificence and glory of God. The poet says that man is born, carries
out activities and dies without knowing the greatness of God. Since man
is selfish, his activities pollute, empties and damages the beauty of
world. The humans have been disturbing and polluting the environment
from generation to generation because they only want profit. But, God
renews and fills energy in the nature. God loves all the creatures of
the world, so he works for the benefit of the creatures without any hope
of profit. The poet inspires people to grow faith in God.
Full Fathom Five Thy Father Lies
@ Is death meaningful in this poem?
@ Summary
|
The
poem "Full Fathom Five Thy Father Lies" is taken from Shakespeare's
play "The Tempest". Here the spirit Ariel sings this song to Ferdinand,
Prince of Naples, who mistakenly thinks that his father is drowned. The
Prince is very sad to miss his father in a sea-wind, so Ariel gives
sympathy to him by saying that death is a meaningful change. He says
that the bones of his father have turned into coral and eyes into
pearls. Sea-nymphs respect him with death bell every hour. None of the
parts have wasted but changed into more valuable. Here death is shown
not as an absolute end but a new beginning.
=
Germaine Greer in her essay "A Child Is Born" shows the difference
between traditional society and modern society mainly during pregnancy,
childbirth and child-bearing.
In
traditional society/ Western society, any pregnant woman is supported
by her family members, husband, relatives and community. She is covered
with taboos and prohibitions which lessen her pain and increase her
sense of security. After childbirth, the woman is referred as child's
mother. The baby strengthens the family bond. The woman satisfies the
desires of the family and community by giving birth to a child. So, she
is respected. The birth of child is celebrated by feasting, dancing and
merry-making. Even the mother is rewarded with new clothes. The child
grows under the care of all members of the family, so mother has to
spend less time to care of her children.
But
in modern society / Western society, a pregnant woman has to take care
of herself alone with the guidance of nurses and doctors. They do not
get care and affection from other family or community members. The
health of mother and child is safer but mother is emotionally weaker.
Child is born to fulfill the needs of parents only. The child grows up
with its parents and dolls. So, child - parent relation is stronger.
The writer thinks that Eastern practice is better than Western practice for mother.
= Martin
Luther King was a black civil right campaigner. He gave the
unforgettable speech " I Have a Dream" on August 28, 1963 in honor of Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.
The main purpose of his speech is to eradicate every kinds of
discrimination and establish equality, brotherhood and integration
between whites and blacks. He wants a revolution that is peaceful and
creative. His dream is to end racial segregation, inequality and
injustice in America. He complains that even after hundred years of passing of Emancipation Proclamation by Lincoln, America
stands as the hell to the blacks. Even the sweet words of American
constitution that every individual has the right to ‘life, liberty and
pursuit of happiness’ is confined only on paper. The blacks in America are still dominated, treated badly, and are unable to get education and voting right.
Hurried Trip To Avoid a Bad Star
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@ How is Karnali linked economically with the low land regions to the south?
[057/061/o63-3]
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= Karnali is remote region of Nepal
which is made up of sloppy hills. Due to this, there is no development
in any sector. So, people have to move to the South to buy and sell
their goods. To sell their items like medicinal herbs, silajit, hashish,
hand-knit sweaters and blankets, they have to go to Nepalgunj.
Similarly, they have to buy clothes, utensils and other necessary items
from Nepalgunj. They also move to the South for job.
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@
What did the two writers learn about the life and culture of the people
of the Karnali region during their journey on foot? [059-3]
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=
The two writers learnt that the people of Karnali are innocent, simple,
laborious and uneducated. They know very little about the outside
world. They live in geographically difficult part completely depending
on their own or animal strength. They are ignorant about soil erosion
and deforestation. So, they have destroyed forests. They are
superstitious.
Two Long-Term Problems: Too Many People Too Few Trees
|
In
the essay, “Two Long-Term Problems:……” , Moti Nissani discusses about
the two intertwined and serious problems that is threatening the world--
overpopulation and deforestation.
According
to Nissani; air, soil, water and space are polluted by human activities
especially due to population growth. Population growth demands more raw
materials. This enhances deforestation for more agricultural land, fuel
and housing. Deforestation in turn is the main cause of various evils
such as diseases, pollution, decline of plants and animals. It causes
global warming and brings about various disasters like flooding,
landslides, droughts, earthquake, soil erosion and depletion of ozone
layer.
However,
Nissani suggest that environmental damaged can be controlled by
controlling population and desires of man. Literacy program,
modernization, family planning, reforestation and inventing new types of
fuels can be helpful to save the forests and environment.
Gretel
@ Why does Gretel blame her father and brother? [058-3]
@ Do you think Gretel represents modern feminist women? Give your opinion briefly. [061-3]
|
= Garrison
Keillor's "Gretel" is a feminist interpretation of the fairy tale
"Hansel and Gretel". Here, Gretel is a modern feminist who blames her
brother and story writers of "Hansel and Gretel" for writing the story
in a wrong way. She claims that her drunken father is wicked and her
brother is cheat. Instead she supports her stepmother Gladys and finds
her a loving mother. She explains that the woman who gave them cake,
bread and house was not a witch but a loving woman who wanted to kill
Hansel in order to revolt against male dominance
@Sketch the character of Alyohin
@ How does Alyohin define love?
|
Alyohin
is an educated man but he has to work in his farm in order to clear his
debt. Sometimes he goes to the town to attend the court sessions. Once
he goes to the house of Luganovich in order to eat dinner. In his house,
he meets Anna Alexeyevna, the wife of Luganovich. The beauty, youth and
intelligence of Anna attracts him. He falls in love with her, but his
morals and thoughts stop him to express his love openly. As a result
Anna suffers from mental tiredness.
Due
to his failed love affair, Alyohin thinks that love is a source of
dissatisfaction and irritation. He thinks that love is a great mystery.
It can not be generalized. Love is done by heart not by mind.
|
@ What kinds of love experiences are suggested by Alyohin in "About Love"?[2057-3]
|
We can find two love experiences suggested by Alyohin. They are sensual love and platonic love.
The first one is the love affair between Nikanor and Pelageya. It is
sensual, often violent. The second love affair between Anna and Alyohin
is platonic love. They sacrifice their love for good of others. Though
they aren’t married, they love each other from heart.
@ Character sketch of Anna Alexeyevna.
|
= Anna
is a beautiful and charming young lady. She is aged twenty-two. She is
married to Luganovich, aged over forty. She loves Alyohin but she also
can not express her love openly to him. Later she suffers from nervous
prostration. She is also a responsible lady. She thinks that she is not
so young and energetic to marry Alyohin.
@ Sketch the character of Mrs. Mooney. [058/064-10]
@ Write an interpretation of 'The Boarding House'. [060-3]
@ Briefly narrate the story of "The Boarding House" [063-10]
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=
"The Boarding House" by James Joyce is a story of Mrs. Mooney. She had
married her father’s foreman. She later divorced him because he was a
drunkard and aggressive. She was a very clever woman who knew how to
handle matters. She trapped rich Mr. Doran and forced him to marry her
daughter Polly.
After
divorcing from her husband, she opened a boarding house. The house was
full of clerks and tourists. Her daughter Polly used to amuse the
lodgers. Polly developed a relationship with rich Mr. Doran. Mrs. Mooney
knew the matters but did not intervene for some time. Later, she asked
about the relationship with her daughter.
Mrs.
Mooney was a determined and practical woman. So, she thought of
possible ways of blackmailing Doran and forcing him to marry Polly. She
was convinced that Mr. Doran could not escape the marriage because he
was a clerk of one of the rich Catholic merchant. Mrs. Mooney called Mr.
Doran so that she could blackmail him to marry her daughter. Mr. Doran
wanted to escape from marriage but he could not do that. In the end,
Mrs. Mooney called her daughter saying that Mr. Doran wanted to speak to
her.
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@ How do you think Mrs Mooney settled with Mr. Moran about Polly? Did Mr. Moran marry Polly or pay out compensation? [059-3]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------=
Mrs.
Mooney was in search of a good husband for her daughter Polly. When she
knew that Mr. Doran and Polly had developed a relationship, she thought
of plan to blackmail him. In my view, she forced Mr. Doran to marry her
daughter because Mr. Doran was rich man. Though he was 35 years old, he
was soft-mouthed and above her social status.
I
think that Mr. Doran married Polly because he was trapped by Mrs.
Mooney. Mrs. Mooney was rich but her social status was not so good. So,
Mrs. Mooney forced him to marry her daughter.
@ Whom does Marsha Traugot refer to as the children who wait? [ 2057-3]
@ What had happened to the handicapped children in the past? [065-3]
@ Why was it difficult for the handicapped and the black children to find foster family? [060-3]
@
What kinds of parents were considered suitable for adopting children?
What kind of children were considered 'Unadoptable'? [062-3]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
= According to Traugot, before 1960, there were strict rules for child adoption in America.
Only white, healthy and child within infancy were considered fit for
adoption. Any handicapped, black or biracial or child more than five
years old were considered unadoptable. Any handicapped child was thought
as a damaged thing. Even parents who were considered suitable for
adopting children had to be middle class and childless white couple,
having their own home.
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@ According
to Traugot , what changes are transforming the American adoption scene?
What factors are responsible for the changes? [060-3]
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= After 1960 in America,
many factors such as black right movement, women's movement, legalized
abortion, social science research, change in social values and high
expense of running foster home are transforming the American adoption
scene. Now any type of child or any type of parents can be adoptive
child or adoptive parents.
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@ How do the adoption agencies find the potential parents? [064-3]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
= Now
adoption agencies collect the lists of parents who want to adopt child.
They match qualities of children with the need of parents, let both of
them meet and interact. If this system does not work, they advertise in
television or newspaper to look for adoptive parents.
The Tell-Tale Heart
@ What made the narrator confess his crime?
@ Was the narrator mad?
@ Summarize the story “The Tell-Tale Heart”.
|
=
"The Tell-Tale Heart" by Edgar Allan Poe shows how guilt forces a
person to confess his crime. Though the narrator of this story says that
he is not mad, his activities show that he is certainly mad. He lived
in the house of an old man. He did not like the eyes of that old man
that were pale and vulture-like. For this simple reason, he decided to
kill him to get rid of those eyes. The narrator tried for seven days
every night but the eyes were always closed. On the eighth day, he
pulled the old man down the floor and squeezed him to death. He chopped
the dead body and carefully buried under the planes. Soon some police
officers came because someone had heard a shriek and informed them to
investigate. The narrator lied them that the shriek was
his own in dream and the old man was absent for some days. As the
policemen talked with him, the narrator heard tick-tick sound of a watch
coming from the dead man's watch. Since his mental condition was not
normal, he mistook it as the heart beat of the old man. He could not
bear it and confessed his crime to the officers.
@ Describe the relation between Thomas (the boy's uncle) and his wife.
=
Though the narrator thinks that the relationship between Thomas and his
wife is bad, actually they loved each other very much. When his wife
was angry he used to lift her under his arm in the chair. She used to
playfully beat him on his head with the china dog. Thomas was a heavy
man who often drank alcohol. His wife did not like it. So, she often
went to her mother's house. But at that time also she used to arrange
some eggs for him and ask him to put off his boots while going to bed.
@ The plan was to go to Portcawl for the outing. Did they ever reach here? Why?
=
The internal intention of going for an outing was to get drunk. Since
the people who planned to go to Portcawl for the outing got heavily
drunk on their way and finished all cases of beer, they were almost
unconscious. Beside the moon had already risen up. So, they never
reached Portcawl.
The Last Voyage of the Ghost Ship
|
= The story 'The Last Voyage of the Ghost Ship' by Marquez
describes about the growth of a boy into adult person. The narrator who
has now grown into manhood repeats "Now they are going to see who I
mean" because in childhood his vision was criticized by the villagers.
When he was a boy, he saw an uncontrolled large ship without light and
sound. It appeared in darkness but disappeared in light. The ship
collided with the rock and sunk in the sea. Next day, he went to the
sea, but could not find the sign of the ship.
Again,
after a year he saw the same ship. He told it to his mother. The mother
thought that he had become mad. She died before her son could prove
about the ship. Similarly, he saw the same ship the third time and
called the villagers to watch it. The villagers beat him because they
could not see the ship. He promised to prove his manhood and complete
his aim. He saw the same uncontrolled ship in a March night. He guided
the ship with his lantern to the village and showed it to the villagers.
The vision of the ship was only his figment of imagination but later he
made it truth by his adult passion.
Travelling Through the Dark
|
@ What is the central idea of the poem? [057-3]
@ Show how the action develops stanza by stanza in the poem. [060-3]
@ What does the traveler feel when he touches the dead doe? [ Model -3]
@ Do you agree with what the narrator did ? Why? [063-3]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
= The
poem "Travelling Through the Dark" written by William Stafford presents
a dilemma faced by a driver. The driver finds a dead doe in the middle
of the road. He goes to drag it off and clear the way to avoid possible
accidents. But on touching her side, he knows that it is pregnant. He is
in confusion either to show deep love and emotion to an unborn but
alive fawn in the belly of the doe or to save the passengers on his car
as a dutiful driver. After much thoughtful meditation, he pushes the
dead doe into the river in order to reach his destination and save the
passengers.
The driver’s action is justified because it is useless to show love and emotion to the dead ones if one can not save it.
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@ Explain the title of the poem. Who are all those driving through the dark?
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=
In the poem “Travelling Through the Dark”, a driver with his passengers
are traveling through the dark. It also shows the moral darkness of
people who kill the wild animals with their careless driving. The
darkness also indicates lack of love, emotion and sympathy in modern
people.
= The
play "Purgatory" by W.B Yeats suggests that punishment for sin is
necessary for renewal and growth. The main character in this play is an
Old Man who is haunted by his sins. In the past, his father had
destroyed his house and the life and property of his mother. He was
drunkard, gambler and spent money on women. So the Old Man had killed
his own father with the knife when he was sixteen. Then he burnt the
dead body. Later he became a peddler. The Old Man says this entire story
to his son in front of that burnt house. There the Old Man even sees
the image of his dead parents, their love making at wedding night. Later
the Boy fights with the Old Man for money. The Old Man thinks that the
Boy is the consequence of his sin and kills him with the same knife that
he had used to kill his father. But, by the end, he still imagines that
his mother is suffering in purgatory.
= A
poor woodcutter once lived near a forest. His children Hansel and
Gretel were cruelly treated by the stepmother. Once there was a famine
and the wife advised her husband to leave the children in the forest
forever. The husband was unwilling because he loved his children. Having
heard the stepmother's plan, Hansel collected shiny pebbles at night.
He dropped those pebbles when they were leaving for forest. In the
forest, when their parents deserted them, they returned back home
following the shiny pebbles in the moon light. Next time also their
parents deserted them in the forest. This time they could not return
home. After three days of searching their home, they found a house made
of cake, sugar and bread. A witch came and trapped them. She put Hansel
in a cage in order to eat him. But by the intelligence of Hansel, they
were freed. Hansel even killed the witch with her clever trick. After
collecting lots of jewels from the witch's house, they returned home and
united with their father.
= In
her essay "Women's Business", Kantrov draws the picture of Lydia
Pinkham, the first woman to start business; and other businesswomen who
followed her path.
Pinkham
started her business when her husband's real estate business collapsed.
She produced a 'vegetable compound' which she advertised as the cure
for all types of women's diseases. She printed reports of married women
benefited from her products. She encouraged women to consult only women
doctors. She was very clever. She wanted to lead women's right by
temperance. But in her product she used alcohol.
Later
other women also followed the path of Pinkham. They also used clever
tricks of advertisements. They advertised that their aim was to serve
women but their internal motive was to earn maximum profit. They used
their image as a woman to exploit other females. Thus they were also not
different from bourgeoisie male businessman.
1. Optimist – An optimist is a person who expects good things to happen. ( An optimist is a person who sees brighter side of life.)
2. Pessimist – A pessimist is a person who expects bad things to happen. ( A pessimist is a person who sees darker side of life)
3. Generous- A generous is a person who gives away lots of money.
4. Mean / Stingy- A stingy is a person who never buys you a drink.
5. Considerate- A considerate is a person who helps other people.
6. Inconsiderate – An inconsiderate is a person who only thinks about himself.
7. Reliable – A reliable is a person who does not let people down.
8. Unreliable- An unreliable is a person who lets people down.
9. Extrovert – An extrovert is a person who likes going to parties.
10. Introvert- An introvert is a person who doesn’t like going to parties.
11. Gullible – A gullible is a person who believes whatever you tell him.
12. Sceptic – A sceptic is a person who doubts what you tell him.
13. Modest – A modest is a person who doesn’t boast.
14. Vain – A vain is a person who has a high opinion of himself.
15. Frivolous – A frivolous is a person who jokes about everything.
16. Serious – A serious is a person who doesn’t joke about anything.
17. Quick-tempered – A quick –tempered is a person who easily loses temper.
18. Even – tempered – An even-tempered is a person who never loses his temper.
Write a police description of your best friend.
Or, Describe the most impressive you have ever met.
Or, Describe your best friend.
|
Mr. Ram Tamang is my best friend. He is in his early thirties. He is about 5 ft 5 inches tall. He is a heavy man of about 65 kg.
He
has long black curly hair. He has a black complexion. His face is round
with wide and brown eyes. His eyebrows are bushy while his nose is long
and pointed. He has thin lips and round chin. He has a mole in his
right chick. His forehead is broad.
He is always well-dressed. He usually wears a gold chain around his neck. He often stammers while speaking.
|
Promise -jfrf ug'{ _ / advise (;Nnfx lbg' _ / suggest (;Nnfx lbg' _ / urge (pS;fpg' ) / threaten (wDsL lbg' _ / recommend (l;kmfl/; ug'{ ) / insist - lh2L ug'{ _ / beg - dfUg' _ / accuse - bf]if lbg' _ / deny - OGsf/ ug'{ _ / assure - ljZjf; lbnfpg' _ / admit (:jLsfg'{ )
|
1. He denied + ing 2..He accused …. of + ing.
3..He refused to + v1 4..He threatened to + v1
5..He advised me to +v1 6..He insisted on + ing
7.. He promised that he would + v1 8.. He agreed to + v1
9..He recommended me to + v1 10..He urged me to + v1
11.. He begged to + v1 Or, He begged for + noun.
12..He suggested that I should + v1
Write an application for the post of ‘Lower Secondary Science Teacher’ to Model School Thankot, Thankot, Kathmandu. [ Suppose you are Manish khadka fromThankot,Checkpost.]
|
Kalimati, Surkhet
15th Feb, 2012
The Principal,
Model School Thankot,,
Thankot, Kathmandu.
Sir,
With reference to your advertisement published in ‘Kantipur Post’, dated 10th January 2011, I wish to apply for the post of Lower Secondary Science teacher. I would like to present the following particulars for your kind perusal and consideration.
I have passed S.L.C from Jana Jyoti School in first division and +2 from Galaxy College in second division. I have worked as a teacher
in RIMNINE for two years. I am good in English. I have done diploma in
computer application from Rising Minds Institute. I have traveled to
different parts of Nepal. I am member of different organizations like OSODEN, Amnesty International, Red Cross Society etc. I am healthy man of 23.
If selected I would perform my duty honestly. I have attached my CV and testimonials with this letter.
Hoping for a favourable reply.
Yours Faithfully
Manish khadka
(Sun-j)
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